بررسی انواع نمونه سوالات ریدینگ تافل به همراه مثال های کاربردی

بررسی انواع نمونه سوالات ریدینگ تافل

 در این مطلب به بررسی و معرفی انواع نمونه سوالات ریدینگ تافل  می‌پردازیم. یادگیری و آشنایی با تیپ‌های سوالی به شما کمک می کنند تا بهتر پاسخ سوال‌ها را دهید.

به طور کلی در ریدینگ تافل با ده تیپ سوال مواجه می‌شویم. که عبارتند از:

1.سوال لغت (Vocabulary)

2.سوال جزئیات (factual information یا Detail)

3.سوال جزئیات منفی (Negative Detail)

4.سوال استنتاج  (Inference)

5.سوال ارجاع  (Reference)

6.سوال جایگذاری متن  (Insert text)

7.سوال ساده سازی  (Essential information  یا  Sentence Simplification)

8.سوال هدف  (Purpose)

9.سوال خلاصه متن (Summary)

10.سوال تکمیل جدول  (Fill in the Table)

در ادامه به بررسی هر تیپ می‌پردازیم.

1.سوال لغت (Vocabulary)

این نوع از سوالات از آسان‌ترین سوالات هستند. در این سوالات از شما خواسته می‌شود تا نزدیک‌ترین معنی را از میان گزینه‌ها به کلمه یا عبارت خواسته شده پیدا کنید.

در این سوالات کلمه یا عبارت خواسته شده در سوال هایلایت شده است، پس شما به راحتی می‌توانید به متن مراجعه کرده و آن را پیدا کنید. معمولا لغاتی که معنی آن‌ها خواسته می‌شود حکم لغات و عبارات کلیدی متن را دارند که دانستن معنی آن‌ها به شما در درک متن و فهم آن کمک می‌کند.

مثال:

Part of a passage: The stone was promptly dispatched to Cairo’s Institute of Egypt for further study by Napoleon’s scholars, where it was christened ‘The Rosetta Stone’, for obvious reasons. Although it quickly became clear that the same message was indeed engraved in three different languages, only the bottom script, in Greek, could be read. The top script consisted of fourteen rows of hieroglyphics, followed by thirty-two rows of an undecipherable Egyptian writing that was simply termed ‘demotic’.

Question: The word promptly in the passage is closest in meaning to ….

A. purportedly
B. secretly
C. forcefully
D. hastily

جواب درست گزینه‌ی  D می‌باشد. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: The correct answer is hastily. In the context of the sentence, promptly means to do something without delay. A definition for hastily is to do something fast. Only hastily has a similar meaning to promptly that can be used properly in the sentence. Purportedly means something that apparently happened. Secretly means to do something without other people knowing about it. Forcefully means to do something against the will of another.

نمونه سوالات ریدینگ تافل

2.سوال جزئیات (factual information  یا Detail)

این نوع از سوالات پاسخشان را می‌توان از بخش کوچکی از متن به دست آورد. اصطلاعات داده شده در متن برای پاسخ گویی کافی می‌باشد.

سوالات معمولا با این جملات شروع می‌شوند:

According to the paragraph, which of the following is true of DETAIL?
The author’s description of DETAIL mentions which of the following?
According to paragraph 2, why did DETAIL do ________ ?
According to the paragraph, how did DETAIL do ________ ?

مثال:

 Part of a passage: Finally, for a fear to truly be a phobia, it must be recurring. That is, if the man on the plane had flown before without incident and continued to use planes after this one panic attack without experiencing further bouts of unreasonable fear, then he would not be said to be suffering from a phobia. A true aviophobic could never contemplate flying in any form without experiencing severe symptoms of acute nervousness.In this case, the man’s single onset of severe panic would most likely be viewed as symptomatic of some other mental disorder, perhaps brought on by unrelated stresses in his life. Obviously, the fact that phobias are recurring fears, or rather, that they involve constant fear of the object of the phobia, should not be taken to mean that the fear can never be overcome. A person who is suffering from a phobia may, either through great effort of will, or, more likely, through a course of psychiatric treatment, conquer his phobia and cease to be frightened of whatever it was he was formerly afraid of.

Question: According to the author, in paragraph 4, what might be one cause of a single instance of a phobic-like episode?

 A. Seeing plane crashes on the news
B. Watching too much violent television
C. Possessing a desire for public attention
D. Having too much stress in one’s life

D پاسخ صحیح می‌باشد. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: (D) is the correct answer. It is stated directly in the text. (A) is incorrect. Seeing plane crashes on the news is mentioned as something that might cause non-phobic nervousness in airline passengers. (B) and (C) are not mentioned in the passage.

نمونه سوالات ریدینگ تافل

3.سوال جزئیات منفی (Negative Detail)

شناختن این نوع از سوالات بسیار آسان و راحت است چرا که در صورت سوال می‌توان کلمه‌های except  و یا not رو دید. در بین گزینه‌های داده شده، شما باید گزینه‌ای را انتخاب کنید که نادرست است. یعنی گزینه‌ای که اطلاعات یا ایده ای را داده است که شما در متن آن را ندیده اید.

مثال:

Part of a passage: Their demise also resulted in the extinction of a half-dozen species of forest insects and the severe crippling of other animal populations such as the wild turkey: these all relied on the American Chestnut as a source of habitat and food. Affected wildlife attempted to adapt to their disrupted environment by looking to other species of trees, such as the Acorn, and seed-bearing plants for food. This placed great ecological pressure on those species, as none could equal the American Chestnut in its ability to provide a consistently abundant crop of nuts. The problems the American Chestnut blight engendered thus show the ripple effects that can occur within any ecosystem when new elements are introduced in an unsound manner.

Question: According to paragraph 3, all of the following were results of the wide disappearance of American Chestnut trees EXCEPT:

A. The loss of creatures who required the tree’s resources for their survival
B. Overuse of other types of trees by wildlife attempting to compensate for the change
C. A reduction in the total output of harvested nut crops within many major American forests
D. Macro-changes to the environment in which the trees previously flourished

جواب گزینه ی C می‌‌باشد. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: (C) is the correct answer. The American Chestnut produced lots of nuts so the loss of the trees does mean a loss in tree nuts; however, the American Chestnut was not widespread across all of the United States and there is no mention of its nuts being a harvested crop. Choice (A) is a restatement of the first sentence in paragraph 3: some insects became extinct and the wild turkey population drastically declined due to the loss of the American Chestnut as a food and habitat source. Choice (B) restates what is in the second and third sentences of the paragraph. Choice (D) covers the last sentence in the paragraph: the loss of the American Chestnut caused changes, had negative effects, upon the land and animals within the environment of where the American Chestnut had thrived.

4.سوال استنتاج (Inference)

در سوال‌های استنتاجی یا استنباطی همان طور که از اسمش پیداست باید بر اساس چیزی که از متن فهمیدین، گزینه ای رو انتخاب کنین که قابل استنباط هست. این نوع سوال معمولاً با یکی از کلمات infer یا imply یا suggest همراه هستند.

دقت کنید که جواب نباید به طور مستقیم در متن باشد، بلکه باید حاصل استنباط شما از متن باشد.

مثال:

Part of a passage: Derived from the penicillium mold, penicillin is one of the most powerful antibacterial agents ever developed. Penicillin and its derivatives have saved countless millions of lives by reducing once lethal infections to the status of minor inconveniences. Countless others have kept limbs that once would have needed amputating to stop the spread of an infection because penicillin stopped that spread in its tracks. The history of the discovery of such a wondrous medicine is long and complicated, but the man who normally gets the credit for discovering it is Alexander Fleming, who published papers on penicillin in 1928. It is well-known that several others, including a French medical student and a Costa Rican scientist, had noted the mold’s antibacterial properties prior to Fleming. However, it was Fleming who drew the attention of the Western scientific establishment to the mold, and whose work eventually led to penicillin being developed into a potent medicine.

Question: What can be inferred from paragraph 1?

A. Mortality rates from infections are much lower today than they were in the 1920s
B. Penicillin has proven very useful but can also have potentially deadly side effects
C.  Alexander Fleming was disorganized in several aspects of his professional life
D. A Costa Rican scientist should really get the credit for first discovering penicillin

گزینه‌ی A پاسخ صحیح هست. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: (A) is the correct answer. Because penicillin wasn’t discovered until 1928, it is logical to assume that people in the 1920s died more often from infections that are now commonly treated by penicillin. (B) is incorrect because paragraph 1 focuses on the discovery of penicillin, not the side effects. (C) is incorrect because Fleming is mentioned in connection with the discovery, not because of his work habits. (D) is incorrect because a French student also recognized the mold’s properties, but neither scientist went so far as to share their findings with the scientific community.

5.سوال ارجاع (Reference)

در این سوالات بخشی از متن یک کلمه، معمولا یک ضمیر هایلایت می‌شود و در مورد آن سوال می‌شود.

مثال:

art of a passage: The astrological nature of the Mayan use of astronomical data explains in part why so few written records exist of that data. The Mayans believed that the passage of the sun continued throughout the night, only, then, it was traveling through the underworld. This was believed to be a perilous journey, with many demonic figures lurking in the darkness, waiting to ambush the sun to prevent it from returning to the sky at dawn. .

Question: The word it in the passage refers to  …..

A. night
B. sun
C. passage
D. data

جواب صحیح گزینه‌ی B هست. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: (B) is the correct answer. The sentence is describing the path taken by the sun. The other answer choices, though they are all words that appear in the paragraph, do not refer to things that are traveling.

6.سوال جایگذاری متن (Insert text)

این نوع از سوالات را شما در هر سوال خواهید دید. در این سوالات از شما خواسته می‌شود تا تشخیص دهید که جمله‌ی داده شده باید در کدام قسمت متن قرار بگیرد. در متن چهار مربع نشان داده می‌شود که مکان قرار گیری جمله داده شده را مشخص می‌کنند و شما می توانید با انتخاب مربعی که فکر می‌کنید جای جمله جواب است، به سوال پاسخ دهید.

در متن مربع‌ها به شکل چهار ستاره **** نشان داده شده اند.

مثال:

Part of a passage: Their demise also resulted in the extinction of a half-dozen species of forest insects and the severe crippling of other animal populations such as the wild turkey: these all relied on the American Chestnut as a source of habitat and food.****Affected wildlife attempted to adapt to their disrupted environment by looking to other species of trees, such as the Acorn, and seed-bearing plants for food.**** This placed great ecological pressure on those species, as none could equal the American Chestnut in its ability to provide a consistently abundant crop of nuts. ****The problems the American Chestnut blight engendered thus show the ripple effects that can occur within any ecosystem when new elements are introduced in an unsound manner.

Question: Look at the four squares ****that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

In fact, is it widely believed that the scope of its devastation far eclipses even that of the fungal disease, also accidentally introduced, that ravaged Dutch Elm trees across Europe and North America, from 1910 to 1928.

Where would it best fit?

جواب مربع چهارم است. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: The correct answer is the fourth insertion point. This is the logical place to insert the sentence as it expands upon the previous sentence. The phrase “its devastation” in the sentence to insert directly refers back to the American Chestnut blight in the previous sentence. This is also why the sentence cannot be inserted at choice (C), directly before the last sentence. If the sentence is inserted into choice (A) or (B) it would disrupt the description of the effects of the demise of the American Chestnut upon the ecosystem.

7.سوال ساده سازی ( Essential information  یا  Sentence Simplification)

در این نوع از سوالات بخشی از متن هایلایت می‌شود و از شما خواسته می‌شود که گزینه‌ای که هم معنای این بخش هست را انتخاب کنید. گزینه‌ی درست معمولا از بخش هایلایت شده آسان تر است اما با این حال تمام اطلاعات مهم آن را در بر دارد.

مثال:

Part of a passage: Men are more likely to manifest recessive biological traits than women are, because some traits are what scientists call X-linked. This means that the genes responsible for expressing the recessive trait are found only on the X chromosome. Men are much more likely to express these recessive traits, because the male genome consists of an X and a Y chromosome, whereas the female genome consists of two X chromosomes. If the male X chromosome contains any genes capable of expressing recessive traits, those genes will therefore be free to manifest themselves, as there will be no corresponding genes to interfere with them.

Question: Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.The two X chromosomes in the female genome makes women more likely toexpress recessive traits than men because the male genome has two different  chromosomes.
B. The two different chromosomes in the male’s genetic make-up, instead of the same two chromosomes in the female genome, makes men likely to have more dominant traits than women.
C. Women are less likely than men to have recessive traits due to the differences between their genes.
D. The male genome is comprised of an X and a Y chromosome which allows recessive traits to be more readily found in men than in women as the female genome has two X chromosomes.

پاسخ گزینه‌ی D هست. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: (D) is the correct answer. All of the correct information is included in this sentence. Men will likely have more recessive traits than women because the male genome has an X and a Y chromosome. The 2 X chromosomes in the female genome makes women less susceptible. Choice (A) is incorrect because it mixes up the genders by saying women will have more recessive traits when it is men. Choice (B) is incorrect because it says men will have more dominant traits when it should be recessive traits. Choice (C) does not have enough details and it isn’t the differences between men and women’s genes, but their genomes, that makes recessive traits more common in men.

8.سوال هدف (Purpose)

در این نوع از سوالات شما باید قادر باشید تا دلیل موضوع و ایده مورد بحث را به درستی متوجه شوید. وقتی یک متن اصولی نوشته شود، هر چیزی که در متن وجود دارد هدفی را دنبال می‌کند و کار شما این است که آن دلیل را پیدا کنید. سوالات معمولا با why شروع می‌شوند و یا شبیه نمونه‌های زیر می‌باشند:

“The author begins paragraph # with ________ in order to…”,

“The author uses _______ as an example of…”.

مثال :

Part of the passage: Thus, American slaves soon found that music was one of the few methods of expressing themselves that their masters would permit and even encourage, as many of the slave owners found it pleasant to have slaves who could play music for them in the evenings. However, the plantation owners naturally wished to listen to music from their own culture, as well as to what they considered slave work songs. As a result, many slaves learned to play Western instruments and began to pick up Western songs, such as European dance music. European dance music at that time was characterized by harmony, or the playing of notes simultaneously to create a pleasing sound, an element previously lacking in the slave songs. It did not take long for blacks to begin experimenting with ways in which harmonic elements could be fused with the more tribal rhythms of the music of their own culture. The result of these experiments was the first type of jazz, known as the blues. The blues took their name from the reliance on blue notes, which are notes that are played at a lower pitch than would normally be expected in classical European music.

Question: Why does the author mention European dance music in paragraph 2?

A. To describe one influence that helped turn African slave songs into jazz
B.  To argue that European dance music was inferior to jazz’s antecedents
C. To provide an example of a type of music that contrasts sharply with jazz
D.  To explain why slave owners found the music of their slaves refreshing

جواب گزینه‌ی A میباشد. توضیحات بیشتر در ادامه.

Explanation: (A) is the correct answer. The point of the passage is to trace the development of jazz music. (B) is illogical. European dance music was one of jazz’s antecedents. (C) is wrong. The author does not explicitly compare European dance music to jazz. (D) is incorrect. European dance music was familiar to the slave owners, not new and refreshing.

9.سوال خلاصه متن (Summary)

این نوع از سوالات در هر متن وجود دارند. در این نوع از سوالات به شما 6 گزینه داده می‌شود و شما باید 3 گزینه را که مفهوم و منظور اصلی متن را در بردارند را انتخاب کنید. ترتیب گزینه‌ها اصلا اهمیتی ندارد. این سوالات 2 نمره دارند و با توجه به جوابتان نمره شما می‌تواند از بین 0 تا 2 متغیر باشد.

10.سوال تکمیل جدول (Fill in the Table)

این نوع از سوالات در هر متن وجود دارند. آخرین نوع سوال در ریدینگ تافل به نوعی طبقه بندی اطلاعات است. در سوال‌های Table به شما جدولی داده می‌شود و شما باید گزینه‌های داده شده را در جدول داده شده به درستی طبقه بندی کنید. سوال‌های Table دیگر چندان رایج نیستند و تافل معمولاً علاقه بیشتری به سوال‌های Summary دارد تا سوال Table که دلیلش هم کاملاً مشخص است، سوال Table بسیار راحت‌تر از سوال Summary است.

این باعث نمی‌شود به سوال های Table اهمیت ندهید. سوال Table همانند Summary از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار هستند چون نمره بیشتری نسبت به سوال‌های نوع یک تا هست دارند. یک سوال Table ممکن است دو، سه یا حتی چهار نمره داشته باشد.

 

 

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